Women, Work, and Education in Modern Japan An observation of the career life and the social role of Yayoi Yoshioka

The main purpose of this paper is to show and consider the several aspects of women and work in modern Japan, observing the case of Yayoi Yoshioka as the example of the exceptional educational leader who mainly dealt with and devoted herself to the development of women‘s work and social contribution in the period of pre-war and wartime Japan. She was a professional woman, a medical doctor herself, the founder and educator of the female medical education, and the very influential leader of various types of social education groups for women. In the development of female education in the latter part of Meiji Era (1868-1900), the image of ‗Being a good wife and wise mother‘ was stressed very much as the finest ideal, and also was regarded as almost the only educational goal for girls (Ryo-sai-ken-bo). There, basically, women were expected not to work outside their domestic sphere, having any neither occupations nor professions. And the most important of all was that Ryo-sai-ken-bo was set as the educational goal of the most female secondary schools Jogakko. Yoshioka is located at the very unique status in the history of female education as such in four reasons. First, she was a pioneer in the professional education for women in modern Japan. Secondly, she also took the strong leadership in Shojo-kai, later Joshi-Seinendan, both of which were nation-wide regional non-formal groups for the female youth. Thirdly, Yoshioka was appointed to the only female member of the Advisory Committee of Education (established in 1937), which was to discuss the policy and strategies of educational reform under the remodeled structure of the all-out war. And fourthly, she took part in many kinds of organizations and voluntary groups, as a leader or equivalent status. For Yoshioka, all of these were pursued in order to establish the social status and to get the social power of the female medical doctors. By looking at her wide range of achievements and very powerful remarks in various kinds of media, we can see another aspect of female education in modern Japan. On the defeat of the war in 1945, Yoshioka was banished both from the educational job status and from the official job status, being accused of leading the people to the invading war. But, at least, we can learn so many of the positive and negative lessons from her case, and start thinking about the relationship among these: women, work, education and social development

〔論文〕Learning Strategies that Combat Speaking Anxiety: A Qualitative Study among Adolescent Non-native English Speakers in Japan

This longitudinal, qualitative study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an English language programme in Japan. Using one-to-one semi-structured interviews, we examined 16 students’ self-reported English-speaking ability and what they found effective to reduce their speaking anxiety. The students, enrolled in a private Japanese secondary school, completed three interviews over 2 years. The first interview took place when the students were in eighth grade, the second at the beginning of ninth grade and the third at the end of ninth grade after they had taken part in the school’s short-term study abroad programme in Australia. The results of the first round of interviews indicated that students found that listening practice helped them learn vocabulary, grammar rules and sentence structure. In the second round of interviews, students reported, that learning grammar rules was the most effective strategy for learning English. In the third set of interviews, students reported that a balanced learning environment, in conjunction with their positive attitudes and determination to interact with others, helped their language comprehension, reinforced existing knowledge and minimised speaking anxiety. These findings can be utilised in the development of foreign language programmes to fulfil students’ needs and maximise educational benefits.departmental bulletin pape

Coordinated Control of Multiple UAVs : Theory and Flight Experiment

GrayscaleNitrate Negatives, Box

紫外線吸収剤Benzophenone-3およびその誘導体の代謝と内分泌撹乱活性への影響

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(薬学)Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmaceutical Sciencedoctora

The Co-evolution of Disk and Star in Embedded Stages: The Case of the Very Low-mass Protostar

We have observed the CCH (N=3-2, J=7/2-5/2, F=4-3 and 3-2) and SO (6_7-5_6) emission at a 0"2 angular resolution toward the low-mass Class 0 protostellar source IRAS 15398-3359 with ALMA. The CCH emission traces the infalling-rotating envelope near the protostar with the outflow cavity extended along the northeast-southwest axis. On the other hand, the SO emission has a compact distribution around the protostar. The CCH emission is relatively weak at the continuum peak position, while the SO emission has a sharp peak there. Although the maximum velocity shift of the CCH emission is about 1 km s^-1 from the systemic velocity, a velocity shift higher than 2 km s^{-1} is seen for the SO emission. This high velocity component is most likely associated with the Keplerian rotation around the protostar. The protostellar mass is estimated to be 0.007^{+0.004}_{-0.003} from the velocity profile of the SO emission. With this protostellar mass, the velocity structure of the CCH emission can be explained by the model of the infalling-rotating envelope, where the radius of the centrifugal barrier is estimated to be 40 au from the comparison with the model. The disk mass evaluated from the dust continuum emission by assuming the dust temperature of 20 K-100 K is 0.1-0.9 times the stellar mass, resulting in the Toomre Q parameter of 0.4-5. Hence, the disk structure may be partly unstable. All these results suggest that a rotationally-supported disk can be formed in the earliest stages of the protostellar evolution

Towards a MOMDP model for UAV safe path planning in urban environment

This paper tackles a problem of UAV safe path planning in an urban environment in which UAV is at risks of GPS signal occlusion and obstacle collision. The key idea is to perform the UAV path planning along with its navigation and guidance mode planning, where each of these modes uses different sensors whose availability and performance are environment-dependent. A partial knowledge on the environment is supposed to be available in the form of probability maps of obstacles and sensor availabilities. This paper proposes a planner model based on Mixed Observability Markov Decision Process (MOMDP). It allows the planner to propagate such probability map information to the future path for choosing the best action. This paper provides a MOMDP model for the planner with an approximation of the belief states by Mixture of Gaussian functions

Infalling-Rotating Motion and Associated Chemical Change in the Envelope of IRAS 16293-2422 Source A Studied with ALMA

We have analyzed rotational spectral line emission of OCS, CH3OH, HCOOCH3, and H2CS observed toward the low-mass Class 0 protostellar source IRAS 16293-2422 Source A at a sub-arcsecond resolution (~0".6 x 0".5) with ALMA. Significant chemical differentiation is found at a 50 AU scale. The OCS line is found to well trace the infalling-rotating envelope in this source. On the other hand, the CH3OH and HCOOCH3 distributions are found to be concentrated around the inner part of the infalling-rotating envelope. With a simple ballistic model of the infalling-rotating envelope, the radius of the centrifugal barrier (a half of the centrifugal radius) and the protostellar mass are evaluated from the OCS data to be from 40 to 60 AU and from 0.5 to 1.0 Msun, respectively, assuming the inclination angle of the envelope/disk structure to be 60 degrees (90 degrees for the edge-on configuration). Although the protostellar mass is correlated with the inclination angle, the radius of the centrifugal barrier is not. This is the first indication of the centrifugal barrier of the infalling-rotating envelope in a hot corino source. CH3OH and HCOOCH3 may be liberated from ice mantles due to weak accretion shocks around the centrifugal barrier, and/or due to protostellar heating. The H2CS emission seems to come from the disk component inside the centrifugal barrier in addition to the envelope component. The centrifugal barrier plays a central role not only in the formation of a rotationally-supported disk but also in the chemical evolution from the envelope to the protoplanetary disk

MOMDP modeling for UAV safe path planning in an urban environment

Path planning is a research domain very active and applied among others on autonomous vehicle such as UAV. In recent years, a lot of progress has been made on path planning under uncertainties issued by a vehicle navigation system, for example in localization or environment mapping. However, such uncertainties are often treated by the path planner in a deterministic way. That is, the navigation system's performance is deterministically given in function of the environment. This paper tackles a more complex problem of UAV safe path planning in an urbain environment, in which UAV is at risks of GPS signal occusion and obstacle collision. The key idea is to make a UAV path planning along with its navigation and guidance mode planning, where each of such mode uses different set of sensors and whose availability and performance are environment-dependent. A partial knowledge on the environment is supposed to be available, in a form of probability maps of obstacles and sensor availabilities. To solve this problem the UAV need to be well represented in the planner model and so do the associated uncertainty propagation. This paper proposes a model based on Mixed Observability Markov Decision Process (MOMDP). The proposed MOMDP model allows the planner to choose the best path-direction with the adapted sensor set for an UAV to reach a mission goal efficiently and safely. This paper only provides a MOMDP model for the planner, and the planning algorithm and preliminary results will be expected in the final paper